Gastroenterology

Barium Enema

An X-ray imaging test that uses contrast material to evaluate the large intestine (colon and rectum).

What is a Barium Enema?

A barium enema, also called a lower gastrointestinal (GI) series, is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the colon and rectum for abnormalities. During the procedure, liquid barium sulfate (a contrast dye) is introduced into the colon through the rectum. The barium coats the lining of the intestine, allowing it to be clearly visible on X-ray images. In some cases, air may also be introduced (a double-contrast enema) to improve detail. This test helps detect polyps, diverticula, tumors, strictures, and inflammatory conditions. Although colonoscopy is more commonly used today, barium enema remains useful in specific cases.

This procedure helps to:

Detect colon polyps and growths.
Identify diverticulosis and diverticulitis.
Evaluate bowel obstruction or narrowing.
Screen for colon cancer when colonoscopy is not available.
Assess structural changes in the large intestine.

What to expect after a Barium Enema?

The test requires some bowel preparation, usually laxatives or enemas the night before, to clear the colon. During the procedure, patients may feel fullness or cramping as the barium and air fill the colon. Afterward, stools may appear white or light until the barium fully passes.

Temporary bloating or cramping during the test.
White-colored stools for 1–2 days after.
Normal activities can resume the same day.
Results reviewed by a radiologist.
Hydration encouraged to flush out barium.

Why is it performed?

To evaluate bowel symptoms such as chronic constipation or bleeding.
To detect tumors, ulcers, or inflammatory bowel disease.
To assess blockages or strictures in the colon.
To provide an alternative for patients unable to undergo colonoscopy.
To aid in cancer screening when other methods are unavailable.

Risks and Considerations

Abdominal cramping during the test.
Rare risk of colon perforation.
Constipation if barium is not fully expelled.
Exposure to low-dose radiation.
Not recommended for patients with severe bowel inflammation.

Early detection is important for managing the condition and preventing further complications.

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FAQs

Is it uncomfortable?

Some people feel fullness, pressure, or mild cramping, but it is usually tolerable.

How long does the test take?

The procedure generally lasts 30–60 minutes.

Do I need anesthesia?

No, anesthesia or sedation is not required.

What should I do afterward?

Drink plenty of water to flush the barium and prevent constipation.

Is it as effective as colonoscopy?

While colonoscopy provides direct visualization and the ability to remove polyps, barium enema can still be useful when colonoscopy is not possible.

Gastroenterology

Doral Health & Wellness Gut Health Department

Doral Health & Wellness Gastroenterology provides comprehensive care for all your digestive health needs. Our expert gastroenterologists diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, including heartburn, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, colon cancer and more. We offer advanced procedures, such as endoscopy and colonoscopy, to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.