Gynecology

Vulvar Biopsy

A diagnostic procedure to evaluate abnormal or suspicious tissue on the vulva.

What is a Vulvar Biopsy?

A vulvar biopsy is a minor but important medical procedure in which a gynecologist removes a small sample of tissue from the vulva for microscopic analysis. The vulva is the external part of the female genitalia, and biopsies in this area are performed when abnormalities such as persistent itching, pain, lesions, patches of discolored skin, or suspicious growths are present. By carefully analyzing the tissue, doctors can diagnose infections, skin conditions, precancerous changes, or vulvar cancer. This procedure is highly precise and plays a critical role in guiding further treatment plans and ensuring accurate medical care.

This procedure helps to:

Detect cancerous or precancerous changes on the vulva.
Diagnose chronic skin conditions such as lichen sclerosus or lichen planus.
Identify causes of unexplained itching, pain, or irritation.
Guide treatment decisions for abnormal vulvar lesions.
Provide reassurance by ruling out serious conditions when changes appear benign.

What to expect after a Vulvar Biopsy?

After the biopsy, patients may experience mild discomfort, tenderness, or localized swelling. The area may be closed with a stitch or left to heal naturally, depending on the size and depth of the biopsy. Healing typically occurs within 1 to 2 weeks. Some minor bleeding or spotting is common in the first day or two, and patients are usually advised to avoid strenuous activity, sexual intercourse, or prolonged sitting until healing improves.

Mild pain, soreness, or swelling at the biopsy site.
Light bleeding or spotting for a short time.
A small scab forming as part of the natural healing process.
Stitches, if used, usually dissolve on their own.
Pathology results available in 1–2 weeks to guide next steps.

Why is it performed?

To evaluate lesions or skin changes suspicious for vulvar cancer.
To confirm or rule out dermatological conditions affecting the vulva.
To investigate unexplained pain, irritation, or discoloration.
To detect infections or inflammatory disorders not responding to standard treatments.
To establish an accurate diagnosis and develop an effective treatment plan.

Risks and Considerations

Mild bleeding or spotting for several days.
Temporary pain or soreness, usually managed with over-the-counter pain relievers.
Risk of infection, though rare when aftercare instructions are followed.
Possible scarring or tissue changes at the biopsy site.
Anxiety or emotional stress related to the nature of the procedure and awaiting results.

Early detection is important for managing the condition and preventing further complications.

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FAQs

Is it painful?

A local anesthetic is used to numb the area, so most patients feel only brief pressure or a pinch during the injection. Mild discomfort may be felt once the anesthesia wears off, but this is usually temporary and manageable.

How long does it take?

The biopsy itself usually takes less than 20 minutes, though the full appointment may last longer to allow time for preparation and discussion.

Can I go home the same day?

Yes, a vulvar biopsy is an outpatient procedure, and patients can return home shortly afterward.

What should I do after?

Keep the area clean and dry, wear loose-fitting clothing, avoid strenuous activity, and follow all aftercare instructions provided by your doctor. Sitz baths may be recommended for comfort.

When should I call my doctor?

Contact your provider if you experience heavy bleeding, signs of infection such as pus or fever, severe pain not relieved by medication, or delayed healing beyond the expected timeframe.

Gynecology

Doral Health & Wellness Women's Health Department

Doral Health & Wellness Gynecology provides comprehensive gynecological care for women of all ages. Our expert gynecologists offer a range of services, including routine check-ups, menopause management, and treatment for gynecological conditions. We are committed to providing compassionate and personalized care to support your unique health journey.