Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection caused by two types of bacteria: Streptococcus (group A strep) and Staphylococcus aureus. It primarily affects the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis) and is common in infants and young children, though adults can be affected as well.
If you notice any changes in your skin’s appearance, especially blisters, sores, or crusty patches, it’s important to consult with a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. At Dermatology – Doral Health & Wellness NY, our expert dermatologists specialize in treating skin conditions like impetigo, providing personalized care to ensure quick recovery.
How Does Impetigo Develop?
The infection can begin as minor cuts, scratches, insect bites, or rashes that become infected with the bacteria. The bacteria thrive in areas where the skin is broken, allowing them to enter and cause an infection. This often leads to the formation of sores or blisters, which can burst and form a yellowish crust.
There are two types of impetigo:
Primary Impetigo: This occurs when the infection starts on healthy skin and causes sores, usually appearing as small blisters that quickly burst and crust over.
Secondary Impetigo: This occurs when the infection starts on already broken skin, such as from a cut, insect bite, or rash. Secondary impetigo is more likely in individuals with underlying skin conditions like eczema or atopic dermatitis.
Symptoms of Impetigo
The symptoms of impetigo can vary from person to person, but there are several common signs to look out for. This infection typically starts with blisters or sores that quickly evolve into characteristic crusty patches. Recognizing these early symptoms is key to preventing the infection from spreading and worsening. Here’s a more detailed breakdown of the symptoms:
Red Sores or Blisters: Impetigo often begins with small, red sores or blisters that appear around the mouth, nose, arms, legs, or other exposed areas. These sores can quickly become larger, and they might itch or be painful. The blisters may also group together to form larger fluid-filled blisters.
Yellowish Crust or Scabs: As the blisters break open, they may begin to leak fluid and form a yellowish crust or scabs on the surface. This is one of the hallmark signs of impetigo, and the crust can look similar to honey-colored scabs. The crusted lesions often appear around the initial site of infection but can spread to other areas of the skin if the infection is not treated.
Itching or a Mild Burning Sensation: The affected skin can be very itchy, which may prompt scratching, further spreading the infection. The sores can also cause a mild burning or stinging sensation, making it uncomfortable for the individual. The itching is especially common in children, who may have difficulty resisting the urge to scratch.
Swelling Around the Infected Area: As the infection progresses, you may notice swelling around the infected sores. The skin can become red and inflamed, and in some cases, the affected area may feel warm to the touch. This swelling indicates that the body is trying to fight the bacterial infection.
Fever or General Discomfort: In some cases, individuals with impetigo might experience a fever or general discomfort, particularly if the infection is widespread or more severe. Fever is more likely to occur in infants or young children and is a sign that the infection may be spreading or causing systemic effects.
Mild to Severe Skin Pain: Some individuals may experience discomfort around the affected area, and in more severe cases, the pain may be enough to interfere with daily activities. The skin may feel tender, especially as the blisters rupture and form scabs.
Spread to Other Areas: If the infection is not contained or treated, it can spread to other areas of the body or to others. This spread is typically due to touching the infected lesions and transferring the bacteria to other parts of the skin or to other people.
Causes
Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection, and the most common way it spreads is through direct contact with someone who already has the infection. The bacteria responsible for impetigo, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus, thrive in warm, moist environments and are easily transferred from one person to another through skin-to-skin contact.
How Impetigo Spreads:
Direct Contact: The bacteria can spread through touching infected skin or sores. Children are particularly vulnerable in environments like schools, daycares, or sports activities where physical contact is frequent. If a child touches a lesion and then touches their face, it can lead to the spread of the infection.
Open Wounds: If you have an open wound or any kind of broken skin, like cuts, abrasions, or insect bites, the bacteria can easily enter the body. Even minor cuts or rashes can become entry points for the bacteria, increasing your risk of developing impetigo.
Sharing Personal Items: Impetigo can spread when individuals share personal items such as clothes, bedding, towels, and washcloths. Since the bacteria are highly contagious, they can live on these items, allowing the infection to spread even without direct skin-to-skin contact.
Environmental Exposure: Impetigo is more likely to occur in environments where there is frequent skin contact or poor hygiene. For example, locker rooms, public swimming pools, and overcrowded spaces can create conditions conducive to the spread of the infection.
Cracked Skin or Dermatitis: People with existing skin conditions like eczema or atopic dermatitis are at a higher risk. These conditions cause the skin barrier to weaken, making it easier for the bacteria to penetrate and cause an infection.
Weakened Immune System: Those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to impetigo. Individuals who are undergoing chemotherapy, have HIV/AIDS, or have other conditions that affect their immune response may have a greater risk of contracting impetigo.
Autoinoculation: Impetigo can also spread within the same person through a process called autoinoculation. This occurs when a person touches a lesion and then touches another part of their body, transferring the bacteria and causing new lesions.
Treatment Options for Impetigo
Treatment for impetigo typically involves the use of antibiotics, either in the form of topical ointments or oral medications, depending on the severity of the infection. In addition, you should:
Clean the affected area gently with soap and water
Avoid scratching to prevent the infection from spreading
Isolate infected individuals from others to prevent contagion
In more severe or recurring cases, further medical attention may be required. Your dermatologist will guide you through the most appropriate treatment options based on the type and extent of your impetigo.
Having cuts and scrapes can increase your risk of getting it infected. Make sure to have your cuts and open opens cleaned, disinfected, and bandaged every day. Also, living in a hot and humid climate will increase your chances of contracting impetigo. If you suspect that you or your child or your loved one has impetigo, consult your doctor immediately to discuss your treatment option and stop the spread of infection.
At Doral Health and Wellness Dermatology Center, we have the best dermatologists that can help you take care of your skin. As dermatology experts in East New York, we are dedicated in providing the best services. You can visit us at 1797 Pitkin Avenue, Brooklyn, New York to schedule an appointment. You can also call us at 1-347-384-5690 or visit our website at https://www.bestbrooklyndermatologist.com.
