Dandruff is a very common condition that causes the skin on your scalp to flake and itch. It is not contagious, but it can be very embarrassing especially when the flakes settle on your shoulder. Although some mild dandruff can be treated with a gentle shampoo, but it can sometimes only work for a few weeks and symptoms may return a few days or weeks later.
If you notice symptoms of dandruff, you can consult the best dermatologist in East New York. Please contact Doral Health and Wellness Dermatology Center.
This condition is related to seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and about half of the adult population is affected by this condition.
Symptoms of dandruff
Dandruff is most commonly recognized by the presence of white flakes on the scalp, hair, and shoulders, often accompanied by itchiness and dryness. These symptoms may worsen during the fall and winter months, when the air becomes cooler and drier, leading to increased scalp irritation.
In addition to the classic signs, other symptoms of dandruff can include:
Itchy Scalp – Persistent itching is one of the earliest and most common signs of dandruff.
Visible Flakes – Small, white or yellowish flakes that fall from the scalp and hair.
Erythema (Red Patches) – Inflammation or redness may develop on the scalp due to irritation or excessive scratching.
Eyebrow Dandruff – Flakes may appear in areas other than the scalp, including the eyebrows and beard.
Hair Loss – Although dandruff itself doesn’t directly cause hair loss, excessive scratching and inflammation may lead to weakened hair roots and temporary shedding.
Dry or Tight Scalp – A feeling of tightness or dryness on the scalp is often reported, particularly in colder climates.
Causes
Dandruff can be frustrating—and its exact cause often varies from person to person. Several internal and external factors can contribute to its development, making it difficult to pinpoint just one trigger. Here are some of the most common causes of dandruff:
Irritated, Oily Skin (Seborrheic Dermatitis)
One of the leading causes, this condition affects areas rich in oil glands like the scalp, eyebrows, and sides of the nose. It causes red, greasy skin covered with flaky white or yellow scales.Dry Skin
Flakes caused by dry skin are usually smaller and less oily. You may notice that dandruff worsens in cold, dry weather, particularly in winter months.Fungal Overgrowth (Malassezia)
A yeast-like fungus naturally found on the scalp, Malassezia can grow out of control and irritate the skin, causing excess skin cell turnover and visible flakes.Sensitivity to Hair Products (Contact Dermatitis)
Certain shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, or styling products may irritate your scalp, especially those containing harsh chemicals or alcohol.Skin Conditions Like Psoriasis and Eczema
Chronic skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema can mimic dandruff symptoms, leading to flaking, redness, and discomfort on the scalp.Too Much Sun Exposure
While some sun may help control dandruff-causing fungi, prolonged exposure can dry and damage the scalp, making flaking worse.Wearing Tight Hats or Helmets
Excessive pressure and lack of air circulation can trap moisture and oil, irritating the scalp and triggering dandruff.Overbrushing the Hair
Frequent or aggressive brushing may irritate the scalp, strip away natural oils, and worsen the flaking.Exposure to Dust and Environmental Pollutants
Dust, dirt, and airborne allergens can settle on the scalp, clog pores, and lead to irritation and buildup, especially if the scalp isn’t cleaned regularly.
Treatment
The most effective way to manage dandruff is by using targeted dandruff shampoos and scalp treatments that address the root causes—such as dryness, fungal overgrowth, or irritation. While some shampoos require a prescription, many are available over-the-counter and can help reduce flakes, itching, and inflammation with consistent use.
Common Active Ingredients to Look For in Medicated Shampoos:
Zinc pyrithione – reduces fungus and bacteria
Ketoconazole – antifungal agent effective against Malassezia
Selenium sulfide – slows skin cell turnover and reduces yeast
Coal tar – slows the production of skin cells
Salicylic acid – helps remove scales and soften the scalp
If you’re dealing with mild dandruff, you might also want to try natural home remedies before opting for medicated solutions. Here are some remedies that may help:
Home Remedies for Dandruff Relief:
Baking Soda
Gently rub baking soda into your scalp while showering, leave it on for a few minutes, then rinse thoroughly. It acts as a natural exfoliant.Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)
Mix ¼ cup of ACV with ¼ cup of water, apply to the scalp, leave for 15 minutes to 1 hour, then rinse out. ACV helps balance the scalp’s pH and reduces fungus.Coconut Oil
Known for its antifungal and moisturizing properties. Rub into your scalp, leave it on for 1 hour, then rinse out with a gentle shampoo.Lemon Juice
Massage 2 teaspoons of fresh lemon juice into your scalp, leave on for 1 hour, then rinse. The acidity can help balance oils and reduce buildup.Aloe Vera
Apply aloe vera gel directly to the scalp before showering. Its soothing properties can reduce itchiness and inflammation.Olive Oil
Massage 10 drops of olive oil into the scalp before bed. Cover with a shower cap and rinse it out the next morning. Olive oil helps loosen dry flakes and deeply moisturizes the scalp.
Prevention
Here are some tips you can use to prevent dandruff.
- Practice good hygiene and resist the urge to always scratch your scalp.
- Find the right balance of shampooing, the frequency, and the type of hair and scalp products you use.
- Reduce stress. Too much stress can cause flare-ups.
- Enjoying the fresh air outdoors will help reduce oil build-up on the hair.
- Massage your scalp.
- Limit friction. Limit wearing hats and scarfs that cause too much friction on your hair and scalp
Dandruff can be very annoying, frustrating, and embarrassing at times, but it doesn’t usually indicate a more serious health issue. Dandruff can be easy to treat, you just have to find the right products suitable for you. But if dandruff is severe and symptoms persist even after trying most of the recommended treatments, talk to your dermatologist. They can help you in addressing more serious dandruff conditions.
At Doral Health and Wellness Dermatology Center, we have the best dermatologists that can help you take care of your skin and scalp. As dermatology experts in East New York, we are dedicated in providing the best services. You can visit us at 1797 Pitkin Avenue, Brooklyn, New York to schedule an appointment. You can also call us at 1-347-384-5690 or visit our website at https://www.bestbrooklyndermatologist.com.
